TIS-100

• Tis-100 Differential Converter
• Tis-100 Manual
• Tis-100 Solutions

편지의 내용은, TIS-100을 만든 주인공의 삼촌 랜디 (Randy)가 갑작스럽게 죽음을 맞았으며, 이모는 그의 유품을 정리하던 중 이 장치를 발견하게 되어 주인공에게 이 장치를 보내며 '너라면 너의 삼촌이 무엇을 하고자 했는지 알아낼 수 있을 것이다.' 라는 말로 편지가 끝나며 이후 매뉴얼이 시작된다.

1. TIS-100 is an open-ended programming game by Zachtronics, the creators of SpaceChem and Infinifactory, in which you rewrite corrupted code segments to repair the TIS-100 and unlock its secrets. It's the assembly language programming game you never asked for!
2. TIS-100 official site is an assembly programming puzzler, having you literally learn and write code to fix up corrupted code in the mysterious eponymous '80s computer. Yes, you do need to learn and write the TIS-100's assembly code.
3. The Unity version of TIS-100 that runs on my Mac executes my division program in about 5 seconds, which is an eternity as far as programs go! My C emulator runs the code in a sleek 0.005s, or roughly 1000x faster!
4. TIS-100 by Zachtronics TIS-100 is an open-ended programming game in which you rewrite corrupted code segments to repair the TIS-100 and unlock its secrets. It's the assembly language programming game you never asked for!

See Also

• Graphics Display - How the 'visualization module' functions.

Speed

The TIS-100 runs at 50 Hz in RUN mode, 5,000 Hz in FAST mode, and 25 Hz when the STEP key (F6) is held down. (Holding the STEP button down only runs a single step.) Most assembly instructions run in a single cycle; MOV takes two cycles under some circumstances.

Overall Node Behavior

The behavior of using ANY as a destination suggests that nodes are evaluted starting at the upper left, moving left to right, and advancing down one row and returning to the left edge upon reaching the end of a row. This behavior is not guaranteed and may change.

Comments

The character # and any characters after it on a line are ignored. Comments may follow a label or opcode and arguments.

Characters following ## are treated as the program's title and are displayed in the menu. The ## does not need to be the start of comment. Spaces one the left and right side of the title are discarded. If multiple entries with ## are present, TIS-100 searches starting in the upper left node, searching from top to bottom inside of the node's assembly. If nothing is found, TIS-100 moves from left to right and repeats the search for the assembly in each node. Upon reaching the right edge, TIS-100 moves to the left of te next row down and repeats the procedure.

Title is 'B':

Title is '#### C ####':

Title is 'D':

Title is 'D': Golden axe pc.

Labels

A label, if present, must be the first thing on the line. It is terminated with a : which must be immediately adjacent to the label. Valid characters for labels are the letters A through Z, the digits 0 through 9, and the punctuation in the set of ~`$%^&*()_-+={}[]|;'<>,.?/ . There are no limitations on which characters may be in which positions of the label. A line may only have a single label. A label must have at least one character before the colon. Labels may be up to 18 characters long, but the longest addressable label is 14 characters.

Storage

ACC - Accumulator. Register. Can be used as a source or destination. Initialized to 0. Reads and writes are instantaneous.

BAK - Backup. Register. Only SAV and SWP interact with BAK. The identifier 'BAK' is never a valid identifier in a program.

NIL - Nothing. Register. Can be used as a source, in which case '0' is returned. Can be used as a destination, which which case the value is discarded.

UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT - Connections to adjacent nodes. Ports. Can be used as a source or a destination. When used as a destination, the value cannot be read by the adjacent node in the same cycle that it was written to. Blocks until a destination value is used as a source by the adjacent node or a source is used as a destination by an adjacent node.

ANY - Port. Can be used as a source, in which case the value will be read from the first port with a waiting value, as searched in the order LEFT, RIGHT, UP, DOWN. Can be used as a destination, in which case the value is available to all ports; it will be cleared from all ports as soon as any adjacent node reads it. Assuming all adjacent points try to read simulataneously, the winner will be selected in the order UP, LEFT, RIGHT, and DOWN. The search order is not formally part of the TIS-100 description, so it may change in future releases.

LAST - Port. Refers to the same port used by the last reference to ANY, either in read or write. If ANY has not been used, attempts to use LAST as a source will return 0, while attempts to use LAST as a destination will block forever. Homeworld deserts of kharak guide.

source can be ACC, NIL, UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, ANY, LAST, or an integer from −999 through 999, inclusive. If the value is an integer, it is used directory. Otherwise the register or port is read for the value to use.

destination can be ACC, NIL, UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, ANY, or LAST.

Opcodes

Each opcode has 0, 1, or 2 arguments. The opcode and arguments must be separated by at least one space or comma, but may be separated by any number of spaces or commas. The following are all equivalent:

NOP - No Operation - 1 cycle

Syntax:NOP

Does nothing.

MOV - Move - 1-2 cycles

Syntax:MOVsourcedestination

Reads a value from source and write it to destination. If source is a port, blocks until a value is present. If destination is a port, blocks until the value is received.

1 cycle when writing ACC or NIL.

2 cycles when writing to UP, DOWN, LEFT, or RIGHT, assuming the neighboring node is willing to retrieve the value on the second cycle. The data is not yet in the port until the end of the first cycle. This prevents a single value from travelling multiple nodes in a single cycle.

SWP - Swap - 1 cycle

Syntax:SWP

Swaps the values of ACC and BAK

SAV - Save - 1 cycle

Syntax:SAV

Copies the value of ACC to BAK

ADD - Add - 1 cycle

Syntax:ADDsource

The source value is added to the value in ACC, and the result placed in ACC. Results greater than 999 are limited to 999. Results less than −999 are limited to −999.

SUB - Subtract - 1 cycle

Syntax:SUBsource

The source value is subtracted to the value in ACC, and the result placed in ACC. Results greater than 999 are limited to 999. Results less than −999 are limited to −999.

NEG - Negate - 1 cycle

편지의 내용은, TIS-100을 만든 주인공의 삼촌 랜디 (Randy)가 갑작스럽게 죽음을 맞았으며, 이모는 그의 유품을 정리하던 중 이 장치를 발견하게 되어 주인공에게 이 장치를 보내며 '너라면 너의 삼촌이 무엇을 하고자 했는지 알아낼 수 있을 것이다.' 라는 말로 편지가 끝나며 이후 매뉴얼이 시작된다.

1. TIS-100 is an open-ended programming game by Zachtronics, the creators of SpaceChem and Infinifactory, in which you rewrite corrupted code segments to repair the TIS-100 and unlock its secrets. It's the assembly language programming game you never asked for!
2. TIS-100 official site is an assembly programming puzzler, having you literally learn and write code to fix up corrupted code in the mysterious eponymous '80s computer. Yes, you do need to learn and write the TIS-100's assembly code.
3. The Unity version of TIS-100 that runs on my Mac executes my division program in about 5 seconds, which is an eternity as far as programs go! My C emulator runs the code in a sleek 0.005s, or roughly 1000x faster!
4. TIS-100 by Zachtronics TIS-100 is an open-ended programming game in which you rewrite corrupted code segments to repair the TIS-100 and unlock its secrets. It's the assembly language programming game you never asked for!

See Also

• Graphics Display - How the 'visualization module' functions.

Speed

The TIS-100 runs at 50 Hz in RUN mode, 5,000 Hz in FAST mode, and 25 Hz when the STEP key (F6) is held down. (Holding the STEP button down only runs a single step.) Most assembly instructions run in a single cycle; MOV takes two cycles under some circumstances.

Overall Node Behavior

The behavior of using ANY as a destination suggests that nodes are evaluted starting at the upper left, moving left to right, and advancing down one row and returning to the left edge upon reaching the end of a row. This behavior is not guaranteed and may change.

Comments

The character # and any characters after it on a line are ignored. Comments may follow a label or opcode and arguments.

Characters following ## are treated as the program's title and are displayed in the menu. The ## does not need to be the start of comment. Spaces one the left and right side of the title are discarded. If multiple entries with ## are present, TIS-100 searches starting in the upper left node, searching from top to bottom inside of the node's assembly. If nothing is found, TIS-100 moves from left to right and repeats the search for the assembly in each node. Upon reaching the right edge, TIS-100 moves to the left of te next row down and repeats the procedure.

Title is 'B':

Title is '#### C ####':

Title is 'D':

Title is 'D': Golden axe pc.

Labels

A label, if present, must be the first thing on the line. It is terminated with a : which must be immediately adjacent to the label. Valid characters for labels are the letters A through Z, the digits 0 through 9, and the punctuation in the set of ~`$%^&*()_-+={}[]|;'<>,.?/ . There are no limitations on which characters may be in which positions of the label. A line may only have a single label. A label must have at least one character before the colon. Labels may be up to 18 characters long, but the longest addressable label is 14 characters.

Storage

ACC - Accumulator. Register. Can be used as a source or destination. Initialized to 0. Reads and writes are instantaneous.

BAK - Backup. Register. Only SAV and SWP interact with BAK. The identifier 'BAK' is never a valid identifier in a program.

NIL - Nothing. Register. Can be used as a source, in which case '0' is returned. Can be used as a destination, which which case the value is discarded.

UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT - Connections to adjacent nodes. Ports. Can be used as a source or a destination. When used as a destination, the value cannot be read by the adjacent node in the same cycle that it was written to. Blocks until a destination value is used as a source by the adjacent node or a source is used as a destination by an adjacent node.

ANY - Port. Can be used as a source, in which case the value will be read from the first port with a waiting value, as searched in the order LEFT, RIGHT, UP, DOWN. Can be used as a destination, in which case the value is available to all ports; it will be cleared from all ports as soon as any adjacent node reads it. Assuming all adjacent points try to read simulataneously, the winner will be selected in the order UP, LEFT, RIGHT, and DOWN. The search order is not formally part of the TIS-100 description, so it may change in future releases.

LAST - Port. Refers to the same port used by the last reference to ANY, either in read or write. If ANY has not been used, attempts to use LAST as a source will return 0, while attempts to use LAST as a destination will block forever. Homeworld deserts of kharak guide.

source can be ACC, NIL, UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, ANY, LAST, or an integer from −999 through 999, inclusive. If the value is an integer, it is used directory. Otherwise the register or port is read for the value to use.

destination can be ACC, NIL, UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, ANY, or LAST.

Opcodes

Each opcode has 0, 1, or 2 arguments. The opcode and arguments must be separated by at least one space or comma, but may be separated by any number of spaces or commas. The following are all equivalent:

NOP - No Operation - 1 cycle

Syntax:NOP

Does nothing.

MOV - Move - 1-2 cycles

Syntax:MOVsourcedestination

Reads a value from source and write it to destination. If source is a port, blocks until a value is present. If destination is a port, blocks until the value is received.

1 cycle when writing ACC or NIL.

2 cycles when writing to UP, DOWN, LEFT, or RIGHT, assuming the neighboring node is willing to retrieve the value on the second cycle. The data is not yet in the port until the end of the first cycle. This prevents a single value from travelling multiple nodes in a single cycle.

SWP - Swap - 1 cycle

Syntax:SWP

Swaps the values of ACC and BAK

SAV - Save - 1 cycle

Syntax:SAV

Copies the value of ACC to BAK

ADD - Add - 1 cycle

Syntax:ADDsource

The source value is added to the value in ACC, and the result placed in ACC. Results greater than 999 are limited to 999. Results less than −999 are limited to −999.

SUB - Subtract - 1 cycle

Syntax:SUBsource

The source value is subtracted to the value in ACC, and the result placed in ACC. Results greater than 999 are limited to 999. Results less than −999 are limited to −999.

NEG - Negate - 1 cycle

Syntax:NEG

The value in ACC is negative (swapped between positive and negative) and written back into ACC. 0 is left unchanged.

JMP - Jump - 1 cycle

Syntax:JMPlabel

Transfer execution to the first instruction after label.

JEZ - Jump if equal to zero - 1 cycle

Syntax:JEZlabel

If the ACC is 0, transfer execution to the first instruction after label.

JNZ - Jump if not equal to zero - 1 cycle

Syntax:JNZlabel

If the ACC is not 0, transfer execution to the first instruction after label.

JGZ - Jump if greater than zero - 1 cycle

Syntax:JGZlabel

If the ACC is greater than 0, transfer execution to the first instruction after label.

JLZ - Jump if less than zero - 1 cycle

Syntax:JLZlabel

If the ACC is greater than 0, transfer execution to the first instruction after label.

JRO - Jump relative offset - 1 cycle

Syntax:JROsource

Transfer execution to the offset specified by source. Offset is measured in instructions. Negative offsets can be used to move jump backward, positive offsets to jump forward, or 0 to execute the JRO instruction again.

HCF - Reboot

Syntax:HCF

Causes the game to restart. Halt and Catch Fire. As execution of this instruction terminates the active run, it cannot be used in a puzzle solution.

CopyrightCopyright 2015 Alan De Smet.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.Fork this on GitHub!

Zachtronics LLC is an American independent video game development studio, best known for their engineering puzzle games and programming games. Zachtronics was founded by Zach Barth, who serves as its lead designer.^[1]

History[edit]

Zachtronics was founded by American video game designer and programmer Zach Barth. Barth started creating games early in life and further developed his programming skills at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), where he joined the game development club.^[2][3] Barth studied computer systems engineering and computer science at RPI. He was one of three students leading the interdisciplinary team of the CapAbility Games Research Project, a collaboration of RPI with the Center for Disability Services in Albany, New York. In 2008, the team produced Capable Shopper, a shopping simulation game for players with various degrees of disability.^[4][5]

Barth's initial games were generally free browser games offered on his website. One of these was Infiniminer, the block-building precursor game of Minecraft by Mojang.^[6] His earlier, non-commercial, games included twenty that were published on his old website and 'five good ones' which he transferred over to the new site. Four of these use Flash to make them cross-platform, in spite of Flash's 'terrible' development environment. The other one is based on .NET for greater programming convenience. SpaceChem also used .NET, as Barth considers C# to be 'the best language ever invented'. For marketing reasons, Barth decided against XNA with its capability to cross-publish to Xbox 360, and switched to OpenGL, which allowed him to target the three operating systems required for inclusion in the Humble Indie Bundle.^[2]

After completing The Codex of Alchemical Engineering and getting positive feedback from it, Barth came up with the idea of making commercial games. The first of these was SpaceChem, which he developed the Zachtronics label for. It was also the first game where he took in a number of collaborators to help.^[2]SpaceChem was critically praised, which led Barth to continue to develop more games under the Zachtronics label. A few ideas failed to come to light, and with expectations for the studio to make another game, he opted to make Ironclad Tactics, which was more a real-time based card game rather than a puzzle game.^[7]Ironclad Tactics did not do as well as SpaceChem, and Barth realized there was more a market for the puzzle games that he had previously developed, and turned back to his Flash-based games. Initially he looked to take The Codex of Alchemical Engineering to make it a full commercial release, but instead ended up producing Infinifactory and later TIS-100.^[7]

In 2015, Barth joined Valve to work on SteamVR.^[8] He worked there for 10 months before departing.^[9] Near the time he started to work at Valve, Barth had been considering shutting down Zachtronics due to stress of running the business alongside the new responsibilities at Valve. Sometime between the release of TIS-100 and Shenzhen I/O, Barth had come into contact with Alliance Media Holdings who offered to buy the studio and to manage the publishing of the games, while allowing Barth retain his creative lead and control.^[7]

Sam & max: the devil's playhouse download. Since the studio's acquisition, it has published Shenzhen I/O, Opus Magnum, a spiritual successor to The Codex, and Exapunks.^[7]

In June 2019, the studio has published the book Zach-Like that includes design documents and other reference material used by Barth and his team during the development of his games.^[10][11] Zachtronics used Kickstarter to produce physical copies of the book by early 2019, and by June 2019 released title as a free eBook on Steam along with a bundle of Barth's older titles.^[12]

Zachtronics launched Zachademics in June 2019, a program to allow educational and non-profit institutions to freely download and use Infinifactory, TIS-100, Shenzhen I/O, Opus Magnum and Exapunks for educational purposes.^[13] Zachtronics has previously offered SpaceChem in a similar manner.

Games developed[edit]

Zachtronics' games have generally been focused around engineering puzzle games, designing machines or the equivalent to take input and make output; these are generally part of the broader class of programming games. These games, including SpaceChem, Infinifactory, and Opus Magnum, feature multiple puzzles that are open ended in solution; as long as the player can make the required output, the game considers that puzzle solved and allows the player to access the next puzzle. Atop their solution, the player is shown statistics related to their solution which relate to some efficiency - how fast their solution completed the puzzle, how few parts they used, and the like. These stats are given with histograms from other players, including their friends via the game's storefront, that have also completed that puzzle. This gives a type of competitiveness to the game for players to find ways to optimize their solutions and improve their relative scores. Newer games also feature support for user-created puzzles.

Infiniminer[edit]

Infiniminer is an open source multi-player block-based sandbox building and digging game, in which the player plays as a miner searching for minerals by carving tunnels through procedurally generated maps and building structures. According to the author Barth, it was based on the earlier games Infinifrag, Team Fortress, and Motherload by XGen Studios.^[1][14]

Barth wrote Infiniminer in his spare time, with the help of a friend, and released it in steps of incremental updates during April–May 2009. It quickly garnered a following on message boards around the Internet.^{[citation needed]}

Infiniminer was originally intended to be played as a team-based competitive game, where the goal is to locate and excavate precious metals, and bring the findings to the surface to earn points for the player's team.^[15] However, as the game gained popularity, players gravitated towards the emergent gameplay functionality of building in-world objects, instead of the stated design goal of competition.

Zachtronics discontinued development of the game less than a month after its first release as the result of its source code leak. As Barth had not obfuscated the C# .NET source code of the game, it was decompiled and extracted from the binaries. Hackers modified the code to make mods, but also started making clients that would target vulnerabilities in the game as well as build incompatible game forks that fragmented its user base. Barth, who was making the game for free, then lost interest and dropped the project, as development of the game had become too difficult.^[2] The source code of Infiniminer is now available under the MIT License.^[16] Building Infiniminer requires Visual Studio 2008 and XNA Game Studio 3.0.^[17]

Infiniminer is the game that initially inspired Minecraft (and subsequently FortressCraft, CraftWorld and Ace of Spades). The visuals and mechanics of procedural generation and terrain deformation of Minecraft were drawn from Infiniminer.^[18] According to Minecraft developer Markus Persson, after he discovered Infiniminer, he 'decided it was the game he wanted to do'.^[19]

SpaceChem[edit]

Zachtronics is also known for its puzzle game SpaceChem in which the player creates chemical pathways similar in style to visual programming.

Tis-100 Differential Converter

SpaceChem has garnered praise with the gaming community and is currently one of three games on the recommendation page of Team Fortress creator Robin Walker (the others being Hotline Miami and FTL: Faster Than Light), with him declaring it as 'Pretty much the greatest game ever made'.^[20][21]

In March 2011, Barth stated the possibility of making expansion packs to SpaceChem and adding a free update and editor which would allow users to create their own levels which could then be shared to other users, with the best ones being picked out by Zachtronics to be published and these were released on April 29 as the Shareholders' Update.^[22] Barth hinted at the prospect of a sequel and also stated that it would be fantastic to have SpaceChem on a future Humble Bundle.^[2] The game was included in the Humble Frozen Synapse Bundle charitable sale in early October 2011.^[23] The following year SpaceChem was the featured game on IndieGameStand, a site which features indie games with a pay-what-you-want model with a portion of the proceeds going to charity. Barth chose the Against Malaria Foundation as the charity to which 10% of the proceeds were donated.^[24]

Tis-100 Manual

Other games[edit]

• The Codex of Alchemical Engineering
• Magnum Opus Challenge
• Ruckingenur II
• Bureau of Steam Engineering
• KOHCTPYKTOP (конструктор / Constructor) Playable game (web version)
• Shenzhen I/O^[25]
• Opus Magnum^[26]
• Exapunks^[27]
• Eliza^[28]
• MOLEK-SYNTEZ^[29]
• Mobius Front '83^[30]

References[edit]

Tis-100 Solutions

1. ^ ^abSmith, Quintin (January 20, 2011). 'My Chemical Romance: Zach Barth Interview'. Rock, Paper, Shotgun.
2. ^ ^abcdeRose, Michael (March 8, 2011). 'Podcast 17 Zach Barth on SpaceChem and Infiniminer'. Indie Games Podcast.
3. ^'Zach Barth finds a fine formula with SpaceChem', Featured Indie Dev, Indie pub games.
4. ^'Gaining Independence For People With Disabilities Through Video Games', ScienceDaily, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 15 May 2008, retrieved 2011-08-24.
5. ^Original news release, RPI.
6. ^'Reliquary Game Reviews: Infiniminer'. Reliquary Game Reviews. 2009-05-29.
7. ^ ^abcdCaldwell, Brendan (November 23, 2017). 'Zach of Zachtronics: 'I really like making my dumb little games that don't matter''. Rock Paper Shotgun. Retrieved November 24, 2017.
8. ^Wawro, Alex. 'Valve collaborates on new Unity SteamVR support and tools'. www.gamasutra.com. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
9. ^Wawro, Alex. 'Zachtronics' Shenzhen I/O is a game for people who code games'. www.gamasutra.com. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
10. ^Kidwell, Emma (February 6, 2019). 'Exapunks dev creates 400-page behind-the-scenes design book'. Gamasutra. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
11. ^Kerr, Chris (June 18, 2019). 'Check out Opus Magnum dev Zachtronics' entire game design history for free'. Gamasutra. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
12. ^Tarason, Dominic (June 19, 2019). 'Zach-Like comes to Steam free with loads of game-like extras'. Rock Paper Shotgun. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
13. ^Wawro, Alex (July 3, 2019). 'Zachtronics games are now free for public schools and educational nonprofits'. Gamasutra. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
14. ^Motherload, XGen studios.
15. ^Murff, James. 'Freeware Friday: Infiniminer'. Big Download. Retrieved May 15, 2009.
16. ^Zachtronics Industries. 'Infiniminer Google Code Project Page'. Google.
17. ^https://github.com/krispykrem/Infiniminer/tree/master
18. ^Persson, Markus. 'Credits due'. The Word of Notch. Retrieved May 26, 2009.
19. ^Persson, Markus. 'The Origins of Minecraft'. The Word of Notch. Retrieved October 30, 2009.
20. ^Robin Walker (March 4, 2011). 'Robin Walker's Steam recommendation page'. Valve. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
21. ^Team Fortress Development Team (April 28, 2011). 'Mounts and Blades and Hats and Fires and Hats and Swords'. Valve.
22. ^SpaceChem Team (April 29, 2011). 'Shareholders' Report'. Zachtronics Industries.
23. ^Zacny, Rob (2011-10-05). 'SpaceChem joins the Humble Frozen Synapse Bundle'. PC Gamer. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
24. ^Phillips, Tom (2012-10-03). 'Pay-what-you-want indie games site launches, spotlights SpaceChem'. Eurogamer. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
25. ^O'Conner, Alice (September 13, 2016). 'SpaceChem & TIS-100 Creator Announces SHENZEN I/O'. Rock Paper Shotgun. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
26. ^Devore, Jordan (October 19, 2017). 'Opus Magnum is the new game from the creator of SpaceChem'. Destructoid. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
27. ^Tarason, Dominic (July 18, 2018). 'Hack the planet in Exapunks from Opus Magnum & Shenzhen I/O studio Zachtronics'. Rock Paper Shotgun. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
28. ^O'Conner, Alice (August 1, 2019). 'The next Zachtronics game is Eliza, a visual novel about AI'. Rock Paper Shotgun. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
29. ^Pearson, Craig (November 5, 2019). 'MOLEK-SYNTEZ is a new Zachtronics game about making drugs in a cold Romanian apartment'. Rock Paper Shotgun. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
30. ^Morton, Lauren (October 26, 2020). 'Defend America from its evil twin in the next Zachtronics game, Möbius Front '83'. Rock Paper Shotgun. Retrieved October 27, 2020.

External links[edit]